How to Build a Concrete Ramp for Accessibility

Hey there! If you're here, you’re probably thinking about how to make a space more accessible. Whether you're building a ramp for a home, a business, or a community center, creating a concrete ramp for accessibility is one of the most thoughtful and impactful ways to make sure everyone—regardless of their mobility—can move freely and comfortably. It's about more than just meeting legal requirements; it's about ensuring that your space is welcoming, inclusive, and functional for all.

Building a concrete ramp may seem like a challenging project at first, but with the right preparation and a little bit of elbow grease, it’s something you can definitely tackle. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the entire process—from the very first step to the final touch—to help you build a durable, safe, and effective ramp that will serve you for years to come. Whether you’re a DIY enthusiast or hiring a contractor, understanding how to build the right ramp for accessibility is key.

Why Build a Concrete Ramp?

Before we dive into the details, let's talk about why building a concrete ramp is so important. Imagine trying to navigate a wheelchair or a stroller over steps or curbs. For some, it’s frustrating, but for many, it can be impossible. Ramps are crucial for anyone who has difficulty walking, uses a wheelchair, or has other mobility challenges. A well-designed ramp doesn’t just make a space more accessible—it makes it more welcoming.

A concrete ramp, in particular, offers great durability and a smooth, sturdy surface that’s ideal for long-term use. Concrete is resistant to wear and weather, so your ramp will last for years. Plus, it’s relatively low-maintenance compared to other materials like wood.

Step 1: Understand the Requirements

Before you start grabbing materials, it’s important to know what the guidelines are for building a safe and functional ramp. Accessibility standards, such as those outlined in the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), set the tone for how ramps should be designed. Here are some key guidelines you need to keep in mind:

• Slope Ratio: The standard slope for a wheelchair ramp is 1:12. This means that for every inch of rise, the ramp should extend 12 inches. For example, if you need to raise the entrance of a building by 12 inches, your ramp should be 12 feet long. This ensures that the ramp isn’t too steep and is safe for users.
• Width: The minimum width of an accessible ramp should be at least 36 inches. This provides enough space for most wheelchairs, scooters, or walkers to comfortably pass through.
• Landings: If your ramp is longer than 30 feet, you’ll need flat landings at regular intervals. Landings also need to be at least 5 feet long to allow for a safe turn and rest.
• Surface: The ramp should have a smooth surface, free of cracks, bumps, or holes. Concrete is an ideal material for this, as it can be poured into a smooth, even surface.

Once you're familiar with the regulations, you’ll be better prepared to get started.

Step 2: Gather Your Materials

Building a concrete ramp requires a few key materials and tools. While you may not need to buy everything, here’s a list of what you’ll likely need:

• Concrete mix (or ready-mix concrete if you're not mixing your own)
• Gravel or crushed stone for the base
• Rebar or wire mesh for reinforcement
• Wooden form boards to hold the concrete in place while it sets
• Level and measuring tape to ensure accurate angles and dimensions
• Shovel for digging and prepping the area
• Trowel and float to smooth the surface
• Wheelbarrow (if mixing concrete yourself)
• Rope or string to mark the level of the ramp

You can find most of these materials at your local hardware store or home improvement center.

Step 3: Prepare the Site

Now, it’s time to prep the area. The most important thing to remember is that the ramp must have a smooth, even surface for both safety and functionality. Start by measuring the rise (how high the entrance is from the ground) and calculate the length of your ramp based on the 1:12 slope ratio.

Once you’ve figured that out, it’s time to prepare the ground. Start by marking the area where the ramp will go. You can use string or a rope to outline the length and width of the ramp. Next, you’ll need to dig down a few inches to create a stable base for the concrete. Use your shovel to clear any debris, grass, or rocks from the area and make sure the ground is level.

If you're working with uneven ground, you may need to build up the base with gravel or crushed stone to ensure proper drainage and a solid foundation. Compact this layer down to create a firm, stable surface for the concrete to rest on.

Step 4: Build the Forms

Now that your ground is prepped, you need to create the forms that will shape the concrete as it sets. Use wooden boards to create a mold that matches the dimensions of your ramp. The boards should be firmly nailed together and secured to the ground with stakes to prevent them from shifting when you pour the concrete.

Make sure the forms are level both horizontally and vertically. This is critical to ensure that the ramp’s slope is consistent and safe. You can use a level to check the slope, ensuring it follows the 1:12 ratio.

Step 5: Mix and Pour the Concrete

With your forms set and the ground prepared, it’s time to pour the concrete. If you're using ready-mix concrete, you can have it delivered directly to your site, or you can mix it in a wheelbarrow if you're using a smaller amount.

If you're mixing your own concrete, follow the instructions on the bag carefully. Typically, you’ll mix one part water for every two parts dry concrete mix, but this can vary depending on the brand. When the mixture is smooth and free of lumps, it’s time to pour.

Pour the concrete into the forms, starting at the bottom and working your way up. Use a shovel or a rake to spread the concrete evenly and fill in all corners of the form. As you go, make sure the concrete stays level and that the slope remains consistent. If you’re working alone, you can use a board or screed to level the surface as you pour.

Step 6: Smooth the Surface

Once the concrete is poured, it’s time to smooth out the surface. Use a trowel to level and smooth the top of the ramp, ensuring it’s free from any air pockets or uneven spots. A concrete float can also be helpful in making the surface even and slightly textured to prevent slipping. If you want a smooth finish, you can lightly trowel over the surface again once the concrete has started to set but is still soft.

Step 7: Let the Concrete Cure

Concrete needs time to cure properly. After the concrete is poured and smoothed, cover it with plastic sheeting or burlap to retain moisture. This helps the concrete set without drying out too quickly, which can cause cracks.

Concrete typically takes about 24 to 48 hours to set enough for you to remove the formwork. However, full curing can take up to a week or more, depending on the weather. Avoid heavy traffic or pressure on the ramp until it's fully cured.

Step 8: Seal and Maintain

After the concrete has cured, it’s a good idea to apply a concrete sealant to protect the surface from the elements, water damage, and stains. Sealants will also keep the ramp looking new longer and make it easier to clean. Simply apply the sealant with a roller or brush, following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Read More: Key Signs Your Concrete Job Was Done Wrong: A Homeowner's Guide

Wrapping Up

Building a concrete ramp might take some effort, but the end result is worth it. Not only will you have created a safe, functional pathway for people with mobility challenges, but you’ll also have a solid, durable ramp that’s easy to maintain and long-lasting.

Whether it's for your own home or for a public space, your new concrete ramp will be a reminder of how important it is to make everyone feel welcome and capable. And with the right approach, you’ll have a ramp that’s not only functional but also a beautiful, seamless addition to your space.

If you ever feel uncertain about tackling this project on your own, don’t hesitate to reach out to a professional concrete contractor. They can provide valuable insights and ensure that the ramp is built to last, safe for use, and fully compliant with accessibility guidelines.

Good luck with your project, and remember—every step you take toward improving accessibility is a step toward building a better, more inclusive world for everyone!